Present Simple – To Be (būti)

October 12, 2025

GRAMATIKA. PAPRASTASIS ESAMASIS LAIKAS – PRESENT SIMPLE

Veiksmažodis to be – būti

Asmenavimas

Teigiamoji forma

Angliškai Lietuviškai
I am aš esu
You are tu esi
He is jis yra
She is ji yra
It is jis, ji (d.) yra
We are mes esame
You are jūs esate
They are jie, jos yra

Neigiamoji forma

Angliškai Lietuviškai
I am not aš nesu
You are not tu nesi
He is not jis nėra
She is not ji nėra
It is not jis, ji (d.) nėra
We are not mes nesame
You are not jūs nesate
They are not jie, jos nėra

Klausiamoji forma

Klausimas Vertimas
Am I? Ar aš esu?
Are you? Ar tu esi?
Is he? Ar jis yra?
Is she? Ar ji yra?
Is it? Ar jis, ji (d.) yra?
Are we? Ar mes esame?
Are you? Ar jūs esate?
Are they? Ar jie, jos yra?

Atsakymai

Teigiami

Klausimas Atsakymas
Am I? Yes, I am. – Taip, aš esu.
Are you? Yes, you are. – Taip, tu esi.
Is he? Yes, he is. – Taip, jis yra.
Is she? Yes, she is. – Taip, ji yra.
Is it? Yes, it is. – Taip, jis (d.) yra.
Are we? Yes, we are. – Taip, mes esame.
Are you? Yes, you are. – Taip, jūs esate.
Are they? Yes, they are. – Taip, jie, jos yra.

Neigiami

Klausimas Atsakymas
Am I? No, I am not. – Ne, aš nesu.
Are you? No, you are not. – Ne, tu nesi.
Is he? No, he is not. – Ne, jis nėra.
Is she? No, she is not. – Ne, ji nėra.
Is it? No, it is not. – Ne, jis, ji (d.) nėra.
Are we? No, we are not. – Ne, mes nesame.
Are you? No, you are not. – Ne, jūs nesate.
Are they? No, they are not. – Ne, jie, jos nėra.

Paaiškinimas

Pagalbinis veiksmažodis to be nevartojamas asmenuojant kitus veiksmažodžius.
Lietuvių kalboje veiksmažodis „būti“ gali būti praleidžiamas, tačiau anglų kalboje – negalima jo praleisti.

Pavyzdžiai:

  • These flowers are fine. – Šios gėlės gražios.
  • The stamp is on the envelope. – Pašto ženklas ant voko.

Klausiamųjų sakinių sandara

Klausiamuosiuose sakiniuose tarinys eina prieš veiksnį.

Trumpai atsakant į klausimą, po žodžių yes / no reikia pakartoti veiksnį ir tarinį.

Pavyzdžiai:

  • Are these flowers fine? — Yes, they are. / No, they are not.
  • Is the stamp on the envelope? — Yes, it is. / No, it is not.

Šnekamosios kalbos sutrumpintos formos

Pilna forma Sutrumpinta forma Tarimas (IPA)
is not isn’t /ˈɪznt/
are not aren’t /ɑːnt/
I am I’m /aɪm/
he is he’s /hiːz/
she is she’s /ʃiːz/
you are you’re /jʊə/
we are we’re /wɪə/
they are they’re /ðeə/

Pastaba:
Angliškas I am not reiškia „aš nesu“, o ne „manęs nėra“.
Trumpiniai (I’m, you’re, he’s, aren’t, isn’t) plačiai vartojami šnekamojoje kalboje.

Exercises

Exercise 1Fill in the blanks – To Be

Complete the sentences using am, is, or are.

  1. I ___ a student.
  2. She ___ from France.
  3. They ___ in the park.
  4. It ___ very cold today.
  5. We ___ ready.
  6. You ___ late.
  7. He ___ my friend.
  8. The book ___ on the table.
  9. My parents ___ teachers.
  10. I ___ happy to see you.

Exercise 2Make questions

Turn the following statements into questions using to be.

  1. You are tired.
  2. He is a doctor.
  3. They are late.
  4. It is sunny.
  5. We are at school.
  6. I am wrong.
  7. You are from Spain.
  8. She is a student.
  9. The children are hungry.
  10. My car is new.

Exercise 3Short answers

Answer the questions with Yes/No + subject + to be.

  1. Are you a teacher?
  2. Is she happy?
  3. Are they here?
  4. Is it cold today?
  5. Are we ready?
  6. Is he your brother?
  7. Are you tired?
  8. Is the cat hungry?
  9. Are they students?
  10. Is it your book?

Exercise 4Negative sentences

Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

  1. I am a teacher. →
  2. She is happy. →
  3. We are ready. →
  4. It is warm. →
  5. You are right. →
  6. He is tall. →
  7. They are at home. →
  8. It is a cat. →
  9. I am late. →
  10. You are from Canada. →

Exercise 5Match pairs

Match the two columns correctly.

Column A Column B
I am a student
She is a teacher
They are friends
It is on the table
You are from England
We are at home
He is tall
The dogs are outside
My brother is kind
You and I are late

Exercise 6Choose the correct form

Choose the correct form of to be.

  1. I ___ happy.
    a) is b) are c) am

  2. They ___ from Italy.
    a) is b) are c) am

  3. She ___ a nurse.
    a) is b) are c) am

  4. We ___ ready.
    a) is b) are c) am

  5. It ___ beautiful.
    a) is b) are c) am

Exercise 7Complete the dialogue

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of to be.

Anna: Hi! How _ you?
Tom: I _
fine, thanks. How about you?
Anna: I _ good. Where _ you from?
Tom: I _ from Canada. And you?
Anna: I _
from Lithuania.
Tom: Nice to meet you!
Anna: Nice to meet you too!

Exercise 8True or False

Read the sentences and write True or False.

  1. I am a banana.
  2. You are a human.
  3. She is a doctor.
  4. They are dogs.
  5. It is snowing.
  6. We are at school.
  7. He is sleeping.
  8. You are from Mars.
  9. I am hungry.
  10. It is hot today.

Exercise 9Correct the mistake

Find and correct the mistakes.

  1. He are my friend.
  2. I is tired.
  3. They am students.
  4. It are big.
  5. You is late.
  6. We am happy.
  7. She are kind.
  8. The dog am hungry.
  9. I are ready.
  10. He am tall.

Exercise 10Translate into English

Translate these sentences into English using the verb to be.

  1. Aš esu mokytojas.
  2. Tu esi studentas.
  3. Jis yra gydytojas.
  4. Ji yra graži.
  5. Mes esame laimingi.
  6. Jūs esate pavargę.
  7. Jie yra čia.
  8. Tai yra šuo.
  9. Tai yra šaltas rytas.
  10. Aš esu pasiruošęs.