English Learning

Priebalsių fonetiniai ženklai

September 29, 2025

Priebalsių fonetiniai ženklai

Ženklas Apibūdinimas / Pavyzdys
/b/ Kaip „boba“. Žodžio gale išlaiko skardumą.
/d/ Liežuvio galiukas prispaudžiamas prie alveolių (danties šaknies vieta). Skardus garsas, žodžio gale neduslinamas („dekada“).
/dʒ/ Panašus į lietuvių kalbos /dž/, pvz. „didžiuotis“. Žodžio gale neduslinamas.
/f/ Kaip „faktas“.
/g/ Kaip „galva“. Žodžio gale neduslinamas.
/h/ Tariamas lengvai iškvepiant orą („herbas“).
/j/ Kaip „joja“.
/k/ Aspiruojamas garsas – ištariamas iškvepiant daugiau oro („kakta“).
/l/ Liežuvio galiukas prispaudžiamas prie alveolių. Kietesnis žodžio gale ir prieš priebalsius (pvz. „belgai“), minkštesnis prieš balsius („lupti“).
/m/ Kaip „mama“. Aiškiai tariamas žodžio gale („kam“).
/n/ Liežuvio galiukas prispaudžiamas prie alveolių viršūnės, oras išeina per nosį („ten“).
/ŋ/ Užpakalinė liežuvio dalis prispaudžiama prie minkštojo gomurio, oras išeina pro nosį („lengvas“).
/p/ Stipriai aspiruojamas garsas („pupa“).
/r/ Angliškasis garsas tariamas nevirpinant liežuvio galiuko. Artimas lietuviškam /ž/, bet liežuvio galiukas atitraukiamas atgal („ten“).
/s/ Švelniai prispaudus liežuvio priekį prie alveolių („sesuo“).
/ʃ/ Panašus į lietuvišką /š/ („šeškas“).
/t/ Stipriai aspiruojamas garsas („tortas“).
/tʃ/ Atitinka lietuvišką /č/ („čiuožti“).
/θ/ Lietuvių kalboje nėra. Tariamas prispaudus liežuvį prie viršutinių dantų („think“). Duslus dantinis priebalsis.
/ð/ Lietuvių kalboje nėra. Tariamas skardžiai, liežuvio galiukas prie dantų („this“).
/v/ Kaip „vaivorykštė“. Žodžio gale neduslinamas.
/w/ Lietuvių kalboje nėra. Tarp /u/ ir trumpesnio /v/. Tariamas suapvalinus lūpas ir pritraukus prie dantų („was“).
/z/ Skardus priebalsis, kaip „zigzagas“. Žodžio gale neduslinamas.
/ʒ/ Panašus į lietuvišką /ž/ („žaibas“). Žodžio gale neduslinamas.

Pastabos dėl tikslumo

  • /r/ anglų kalboje nėra toks pats kaip lietuvių „r“. Angliškas /r/ neturi virpėjimo – jis labiau artimas „skardžiam garsui“ su liežuvio užpakaline dalimi.
  • /θ/ ir /ð/ yra ypač sunkūs lietuviakalbiams, nes lietuvių kalboje šių garsų nėra.
    • /θ/ = „think“, „both“ (duslus, kaip šnabždesys tarp dantų).
    • /ð/ = „this“, „mother“ (skardus, su balsu).
  • /w/ yra pusbalsis, dažnai painiojamas su /v/, bet tarimas skiriasi – lūpos labiau apvalinamos.
  • /ŋ/ visada eina žodžio gale arba prieš /k/, /g/ (pvz., „song“, „bank“).

Santrauka

  • Anglų kalboje yra apie 24 priebalsiniai garsai.
  • Dalis jų neturi lietuviškų atitikmenų (/θ/, /ð/, /w/).
  • Kiti atrodo panašūs, bet skiriasi tarimu ar kontekstu (pvz., /r/, /l/).

Exercises

  1. Exercise 1: Identify the Sound
  2. Exercise 2: Fill in the IPA
  3. Exercise 3: Match the Word to the Sound
  4. Exercise 4: Minimal Pairs Practice
  5. Exercise 5: Choose the Correct Pronunciation

Exercises

Exercise 1Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___oy is playing in the park. (/b/)
  2. She ___ought a new bag. (/b/)
  3. The ___aby is sleeping. (/b/)
  4. Please ___ring me some water. (/b/)
  5. He ___roke the glass. (/b/)
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Exercise 2Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The cat ___id on the mat. (/d/)
  2. She ___ances very well. (/d/)
  3. We ___on’t know the answer. (/d/)
  4. The ___og barked loudly. (/d/)
  5. He ___rove to work. (/d/)
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Exercise 3Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___udge was kind. (/dʒ/)
  2. He wears a big ___acket. (/dʒ/)
  3. Please ___oin the group. (/dʒ/)
  4. The ___ungle is very green. (/dʒ/)
  5. She ___umped into the pool. (/dʒ/)
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Exercise 4Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___ish swims fast. (/f/)
  2. Don’t ___orget your book. (/f/)
  3. He ___ound the key. (/f/)
  4. She ___eels tired. (/f/)
  5. The ___amily is happy. (/f/)
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Exercise 5Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___ame is starting now. (/g/)
  2. He ___ave her a gift. (/g/)
  3. Please ___o home. (/g/)
  4. They ___ot ready early. (/g/)
  5. She ___oes to school. (/g/)
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Exercise 6Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. ___ello, how are you? (/h/)
  2. He ___as a nice car. (/h/)
  3. Please ___elp me. (/h/)
  4. The ___at is sleeping. (/h/)
  5. Don’t ___urry! (/h/)
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Exercise 7Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___oung boy is tall. (/j/)
  2. He likes to ___ump high. (/j/)
  3. ___es, I understand. (/j/)
  4. She ___elled with joy. (/j/)
  5. The ___ellow flower is pretty. (/j/)
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Exercise 8Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___ite is sharp. (/k/)
  2. He ___icked the ball. (/k/)
  3. The ___id is crying. (/k/)
  4. She ___nows the answer. (/k/)
  5. Don’t ___ill the fly. (/k/)
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Exercise 9Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. He ___oves his mother. (/l/)
  2. The ___ight is bright. (/l/)
  3. Please ___isten carefully. (/l/)
  4. The ___emon is sour. (/l/)
  5. She ___ooks tired. (/l/)
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Exercise 10Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___an is strong. (/m/)
  2. She ___ade a cake. (/m/)
  3. The ___ilk is cold. (/m/)
  4. He ___issed his friend. (/m/)
  5. They ___ove each other. (/m/)
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Exercise 11Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___ame is fun. (/n/)
  2. She ___ever lies. (/n/)
  3. The ___ose is red. (/n/)
  4. He ___eeds help. (/n/)
  5. The ___ight is quiet. (/n/)
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Exercise 12Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The so___ is beautiful. (/ŋ/)
  2. He is si___ing there. (/ŋ/)
  3. They are playi___. (/ŋ/)
  4. I love singi___ songs. (/ŋ/)
  5. She is worki___ hard. (/ŋ/)
View as JSON

Exercise 13Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___izza is tasty. (/p/)
  2. Please ___ass the salt. (/p/)
  3. The ___aper is white. (/p/)
  4. He ___layed football. (/p/)
  5. Don’t ___ush the door. (/p/)
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Exercise 14Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. She can’t ___un fast. (/r/)
  2. The ___iver is long. (/r/)
  3. He ___eads every day. (/r/)
  4. They ___ode their bikes. (/r/)
  5. Please ___emember this. (/r/)
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Exercise 15Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___un is bright. (/s/)
  2. She ___ells flowers. (/s/)
  3. The ___ea is cold. (/s/)
  4. He ___its on the chair. (/s/)
  5. They ___aw a bird. (/s/)
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Exercise 16Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___oe is new. (/ʃ/)
  2. He likes to ___ower people. (/ʃ/)
  3. Don’t ___out at me. (/ʃ/)
  4. She bought a nice ___irt. (/ʃ/)
  5. The ___eep are eating. (/ʃ/)
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Exercise 17Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___able is clean. (/t/)
  2. Please don’t ___ouch that. (/t/)
  3. She ___ook her bag. (/t/)
  4. He ___alks fast. (/t/)
  5. They ___ried together. (/t/)
View as JSON

Exercise 18Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. The ___hild is happy. (/tʃ/)
  2. He ate a ___ocolate. (/tʃ/)
  3. Please ___eck this word. (/tʃ/)
  4. They ___oose the best. (/tʃ/)
  5. The ___air is soft. (/tʃ/)
View as JSON

Exercise 19Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. Please ___hink before you speak. (/θ/)
  2. He is ___irteen years old. (/θ/)
  3. Don’t ___row it away. (/θ/)
  4. The ___umb hurts. (/θ/)
  5. I can’t ___ank you enough. (/θ/)
View as JSON

Exercise 20Fill in the Missing Word

Fill in the blanks with the correct word.

  1. He is ___is brother. (/ð/)
  2. ___ey are my friends. (/ð/)
  3. ___is car is fast. (/ð/)
  4. I saw ___em at the park. (/ð/)
  5. ___ose people are kind. (/ð/)
View as JSON
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