Word Building and Anglo-Saxon Influence

October 23, 2025

GRAMATIKA. ŽODŽIŲ DARYBA (WORD BUILDING)

Žodžių daryba – tai naujų žodžių sudarymas iš kitų žodžių, pridedant priešdėlius ar priesagas.

  • Priesaga (suffix) – dalis po šaknies.
  • Priešdėlis (prefix) – dalis prieš šaknį.

🔹 Priesagos (Suffixes)

Priesagos padeda sukurti naujus žodžius arba pakeisti jų reikšmę.

Pavyzdys Reikšmė
wind + -ywindy vėjuotas
king + -domkingdom karalystė
happy + -lyhappily laimingai

🔹 Priešdėliai (Prefixes)

Priešdėliai keičia žodžio prasmę.

Pavyzdys Reikšmė
happyunhappy nelaimingas
forgettableunforgettable neužmirštamas

BŪDVARDŽIAI (ADJECTIVES)

Pagal darybą būdvardžiai skirstomi į:

  • paprastuosius,
  • išvestinius (su priešdėliais / priesagomis),
  • sudurtinius.

Dažniausios priesagos:

Priesaga Pavyzdys Reikšmė
-able comfortable patogus
-en golden auksinis
-ful beautiful gražus
-less endless begalinis
-ous famous įžymus
-y rainy lietingas
-ish childish vaikiškas
-ive expensive brangus
-ic scientific mokslinis

HISTORY OF BRITAIN 🇬🇧

The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were pagans who believed in many gods.
They worshipped the sun, moon, trees, and springs.
Their gods included:

God Meaning
Tig God of Darkness
Wodin God of War
Thor God of Thunder
Frei Goddess of Peace

Days of the Week

English Meaning
Sunday the sun’s day
Monday the moon’s day
Tuesday Tig’s day
Wednesday Wodin’s day
Thursday Thor’s day
Friday Frei’s day
Saturday Saturn’s day

Place Names

Saxon town names often end with:

Ending Meaning Example
-ing / -ton belonging to / town Hastings, Kingston
-bury / -burgh to hide / fortress Salisbury, Edinburgh
-ham home Nottingham
-field open country Sheffield

Žodynas (Explanations)

Angliškai Tarimas Lietuviškai
to worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ garbinti
spring šaltinis
darkness /ˈdɑːknɪs/ tamsa
peace /piːs/ taika
to name /neɪm/ pavadinti
Saturn /ˈsætən/ Saturnas
Hastings /ˈheɪstɪŋz/ Heistingas
Edinburgh /ˈedɪnbərə/ Edinburgas
Nottingham /ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ Notingemas
Sheffield /ˈʃefiːld/ Šefildas

Exercises

Exercise 1Add the Correct Prefix

Add the correct prefix to make new words.

  1. ___happy (not happy)
  2. ___known (not known)
  3. ___important (not important)
  4. ___possible (not possible)
  5. ___forgettable (not forgettable)

Exercise 2Add the Correct Suffix

Add the correct suffix to form new words.

  1. rain → ______
  2. care → ______
  3. gold → ______
  4. hope → ______
  5. colour → ______

Exercise 3Match Prefixes and Meanings

Match each prefix with its meaning.

Prefix Meaning
un- not
re- again
pre- before
dis- opposite
over- too much

Exercise 4Choose the Correct Word

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

  1. The day was very ______ (sun / sunny).
  2. It’s ______ (possible / possibility) to learn quickly.
  3. He is a ______ (helpful / helpfully) student.
  4. My friend is very ______ (beauty / beautiful).
  5. We saw a ______ (wood / wooden) house.

Exercise 5Fill in with the Correct Adjective Form

Complete the sentences with the correct adjective.

  1. The sky is very ______ (cloud).
  2. This book is ______ (use).
  3. The baby is ______ (sleep).
  4. His answer was ______ (fool).
  5. The picture is ______ (colour).

Exercise 6Anglo-Saxon Gods

Match the god with their meaning.

God Meaning
Tig God of Darkness
Wodin God of War
Thor God of Thunder
Frei Goddess of Peace

Exercise 7Days of the Week

Match the day with its origin.

Day Origin
Tuesday Tig’s day
Wednesday Wodin’s day
Thursday Thor’s day
Friday Frei’s day
Saturday Saturn’s day

Exercise 8Word Endings in Place Names

Match the place name ending with its meaning.

Ending Meaning
-ham home
-ton town
-bury fortress
-field open country
-ing belonging to

Exercise 9Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences.

  1. The Saxons ______ many gods.
  2. Wodin was the God of ______.
  3. Thursday is named after ______.
  4. Nottingham means ______.
  5. Edinburgh ends with the word ______.

Exercise 10Creative Writing – My Week

Write 7 sentences about your week.
Each sentence must include one day of the week and one word with prefix or suffix.

Example:
On Monday I was unhappy because it was raining.
On Thursday I felt hopeful about my new project.