Word Building and Anglo-Saxon Influence
October 23, 2025
GRAMATIKA. ŽODŽIŲ DARYBA (WORD BUILDING)
Žodžių daryba – tai naujų žodžių sudarymas iš kitų žodžių, pridedant priešdėlius ar priesagas.
- Priesaga (suffix) – dalis po šaknies.
- Priešdėlis (prefix) – dalis prieš šaknį.
🔹 Priesagos (Suffixes)
Priesagos padeda sukurti naujus žodžius arba pakeisti jų reikšmę.
| Pavyzdys | Reikšmė |
|---|---|
| wind + -y → windy | vėjuotas |
| king + -dom → kingdom | karalystė |
| happy + -ly → happily | laimingai |
🔹 Priešdėliai (Prefixes)
Priešdėliai keičia žodžio prasmę.
| Pavyzdys | Reikšmė |
|---|---|
| happy → unhappy | nelaimingas |
| forgettable → unforgettable | neužmirštamas |
BŪDVARDŽIAI (ADJECTIVES)
Pagal darybą būdvardžiai skirstomi į:
- paprastuosius,
- išvestinius (su priešdėliais / priesagomis),
- sudurtinius.
Dažniausios priesagos:
| Priesaga | Pavyzdys | Reikšmė |
|---|---|---|
| -able | comfortable | patogus |
| -en | golden | auksinis |
| -ful | beautiful | gražus |
| -less | endless | begalinis |
| -ous | famous | įžymus |
| -y | rainy | lietingas |
| -ish | childish | vaikiškas |
| -ive | expensive | brangus |
| -ic | scientific | mokslinis |
HISTORY OF BRITAIN 🇬🇧
The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes were pagans who believed in many gods.
They worshipped the sun, moon, trees, and springs.
Their gods included:
| God | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Tig | God of Darkness |
| Wodin | God of War |
| Thor | God of Thunder |
| Frei | Goddess of Peace |
Days of the Week
| English | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sunday | the sun’s day |
| Monday | the moon’s day |
| Tuesday | Tig’s day |
| Wednesday | Wodin’s day |
| Thursday | Thor’s day |
| Friday | Frei’s day |
| Saturday | Saturn’s day |
Place Names
Saxon town names often end with:
| Ending | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -ing / -ton | belonging to / town | Hastings, Kingston |
| -bury / -burgh | to hide / fortress | Salisbury, Edinburgh |
| -ham | home | Nottingham |
| -field | open country | Sheffield |
Žodynas (Explanations)
| Angliškai | Tarimas | Lietuviškai |
|---|---|---|
| to worship | /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ | garbinti |
| spring | – | šaltinis |
| darkness | /ˈdɑːknɪs/ | tamsa |
| peace | /piːs/ | taika |
| to name | /neɪm/ | pavadinti |
| Saturn | /ˈsætən/ | Saturnas |
| Hastings | /ˈheɪstɪŋz/ | Heistingas |
| Edinburgh | /ˈedɪnbərə/ | Edinburgas |
| Nottingham | /ˈnɒtɪŋəm/ | Notingemas |
| Sheffield | /ˈʃefiːld/ | Šefildas |
Exercises
Exercise 1Add the Correct Prefix
Add the correct prefix to make new words.
- ___happy (not happy)
- ___known (not known)
- ___important (not important)
- ___possible (not possible)
- ___forgettable (not forgettable)
Exercise 2Add the Correct Suffix
Add the correct suffix to form new words.
- rain → ______
- care → ______
- gold → ______
- hope → ______
- colour → ______
Exercise 3Match Prefixes and Meanings
Match each prefix with its meaning.
| Prefix | Meaning |
|---|---|
| un- | not |
| re- | again |
| pre- | before |
| dis- | opposite |
| over- | too much |
Exercise 4Choose the Correct Word
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.
- The day was very ______ (sun / sunny).
- It’s ______ (possible / possibility) to learn quickly.
- He is a ______ (helpful / helpfully) student.
- My friend is very ______ (beauty / beautiful).
- We saw a ______ (wood / wooden) house.
Exercise 5Fill in with the Correct Adjective Form
Complete the sentences with the correct adjective.
- The sky is very ______ (cloud).
- This book is ______ (use).
- The baby is ______ (sleep).
- His answer was ______ (fool).
- The picture is ______ (colour).
Exercise 6Anglo-Saxon Gods
Match the god with their meaning.
| God | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Tig | God of Darkness |
| Wodin | God of War |
| Thor | God of Thunder |
| Frei | Goddess of Peace |
Exercise 7Days of the Week
Match the day with its origin.
| Day | Origin |
|---|---|
| Tuesday | Tig’s day |
| Wednesday | Wodin’s day |
| Thursday | Thor’s day |
| Friday | Frei’s day |
| Saturday | Saturn’s day |
Exercise 8Word Endings in Place Names
Match the place name ending with its meaning.
| Ending | Meaning |
|---|---|
| -ham | home |
| -ton | town |
| -bury | fortress |
| -field | open country |
| -ing | belonging to |
Exercise 9Fill in the Blanks
Complete the sentences.
- The Saxons ______ many gods.
- Wodin was the God of ______.
- Thursday is named after ______.
- Nottingham means ______.
- Edinburgh ends with the word ______.
Exercise 10Creative Writing – My Week
Write 7 sentences about your week.
Each sentence must include one day of the week and one word with prefix or suffix.
Example:
On Monday I was unhappy because it was raining.
On Thursday I felt hopeful about my new project.