English Learning

šŸ“ The British Isles ā€“ Scotland & Present Perfect

October 25, 2025

šŸ“ THE BRITISH ISLES ā€“ SCOTLAND

šŸ“– Text

The area of Scotland is about 79,000 square kilometres.
It is much smaller than England.
The Cheviot Hills separate these two countries.
The Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, and the North Sea wash the coasts of Scotland.

The territory is divided into the Uplands, the Lowlands, and the Highlands.
There are a lot of deep valleys there.
All the towns are situated in the Lowlands.

Lake Ness is very mysterious. Its water is cold, and there is no ice on it in winter.
People who live near the lake say they have seen something very strange and huge since 1933.
The legends tell that this monster lived in the lake 1400 years ago.

Scientists used very good apparatus, looked for the monster,
and divers went down hundreds of times to explore the bottom of the lake,
but they couldnā€™t find anything except bottles, shoes, or other things.

During the summer, many people come to Loch Ness.
They still have hope to see Nessie someday.

šŸ§  GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

āœ… Usage

  1. Completed action related to the present

    She has written a letter to her friend.

  2. Unfinished action (continuing until now)
    Use for (duration) or since (starting point).

    They have been married for fourteen years.
    They have been married since 1989.

  3. Adverbs used with Present Perfect

Adverb Meaning
already already
ever ever, at any time
just recently
yet not yet

Examples:
āœ… Have you ever been to Scotland?
āœ… He has just finished his work.
āœ… They havenā€™t arrived yet.

āœ‚ļø Contractions

Positive Negative
Iā€™ve worked I havenā€™t worked
Youā€™ve worked You havenā€™t worked
Heā€™s worked He hasnā€™t worked
Weā€™ve worked We havenā€™t worked
Theyā€™ve worked They havenā€™t worked

šŸ’­ Proverb

Blue eyes, true eyes.
Mėlynos akys ā€“ iÅ”tikimos akys.

Exercises

Exercise 1Fill in with the Correct Verb Form

Use the Present Perfect form.

  1. I __ (see) the Loch Ness monster many times.
  2. They __ (not find) any evidence yet.
  3. We __ (visit) Scotland twice.
  4. She __ (just finish) her letter.
  5. Have you ever __ (be) to Edinburgh?

Exercise 2Choose 'for' or 'since'

Choose the correct preposition.

  1. They have lived in Glasgow ___ 2010.
    (A) forā€ƒ(B) since
  2. I have studied English ___ five years.
    (A) forā€ƒ(B) since
  3. We have known each other ___ childhood.
    (A) forā€ƒ(B) since
  4. It has rained ___ three days.
    (A) forā€ƒ(B) since
  5. She has worked here ___ Monday.
    (A) forā€ƒ(B) since

Exercise 3True or False ā€“ Scotland

Mark True (T) or False (F):

  1. Scotland is larger than England.
  2. The Cheviot Hills separate England and Scotland.
  3. The Highlands are in the north of Scotland.
  4. Loch Ness is famous for a monster legend.
  5. The River Thames flows through Scotland.

Exercise 4Match the Columns

Match the term with the description.

Term Description
Cheviot Hills A. Border between England and Scotland
Loch Ness B. A deep and mysterious lake
Uplands C. Central region of Scotland
Lowlands D. Area where towns are located
Highlands E. Northern mountain region

Exercise 5Negative Sentences

Rewrite in the negative form (Present Perfect).

  1. She has seen the monster. ā†’
  2. They have found the treasure. ā†’
  3. We have visited London. ā†’
  4. He has written the story. ā†’
  5. I have spoken to him. ā†’

Exercise 6Short Answers

Answer briefly.

  1. Have you ever been to Scotland?
  2. Has she finished her project yet?
  3. Have they found Nessie?
  4. Have we studied the Present Perfect today?
  5. Have you read about the Highlands?

Exercise 7Vocabulary Practice

Translate these words into Lithuanian.

  1. mysterious
  2. monster
  3. apparatus
  4. diver
  5. explore

Exercise 8Fill in the Blanks

Fill with the correct form of have/has + past participle.

  1. The scientists __ (look) for Nessie for years.
  2. People __ (not see) the monster recently.
  3. Divers __ (explore) the lake many times.
  4. They __ (find) only bottles and shoes.
  5. Tourists __ (come) every summer.

Exercise 9Complete the Sentences

Use already, yet, ever, just, since, for in the blanks.

  1. Have you __ seen Loch Ness?
  2. The scientists have not found the monster __.
  3. I have __ read that story.
  4. They have lived near the lake __ many years.
  5. She has worked there __ 2015.

Exercise 10Creative Writing

Write 5 sentences using Present Perfect about your own experiences.

Example:
I have visited Scotland twice.
I have never seen a monster!

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