English Learning

🏴 The British Isles – Wales & Past Perfect

October 25, 2025

Kartojimas. Garsiai ištarkite

/iː/ /ʃʊə/ /k/ /ɪə/
a peak to be sure a factory a cathedral
pleated a moorland a rucksack industrial
steep poor textile a reindeer

He that travels far, knows much

Per 70–80 pamokas jūs išmokote šiuos veiksmažodžius

English IPA Lithuanian
to be in session /ˈseʃn/ posėdžiauti
to centre /ˈsentə/ koncentruoti(s)
to climb /klaɪm/ kopti
to consist /kənˈsɪst/ susidėti
to design /dɪˈzaɪn/ suprojektuoti
to explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/ tyrinėti
to lock /lɒk/ užrakinti
to occupy /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/ užimti
to put up – pastatyti (palapinę)
to separate /ˈsepəreɪt/ at(si)skirti
to step – žengti
to warm /wɔːm/ šildyti

THE BRITISH ISLES. WALES

Wales is the smallest country in Great Britain.
It is 120 miles long and 60 miles wide.
The country is mountainous with deep valleys and many lakes.
The climate is damp but pleasant.
People gather mushrooms in autumn and visit many national parks.
Wales is proud of its castles built of wood and stone.
It is washed on three sides by the sea and sometimes called a peninsula.

The Welsh are a nation of singers and poets.
The Welsh language is the national one.

Cardiff is the capital and main port.
Coal is exported to other countries.
The Cardiff Castle was built in the eleventh century.
Swansea is the second port, near Swansea Bay, and is the centre of Britain’s copper industry.

🧠 GRAMMAR. PAST PERFECT TENSE

Formation

Past Perfect = had + past participle (V3)

Affirmative Negative Question
I had worked I had not worked Had I worked?
You had seen You had not seen Had you seen?

Usage

1️⃣ Action before another past action

By noon Pete had planted all the vegetables.

2️⃣ After specific time markers – by that time, before, after, when

I thanked Linda for what she had done for me.

3️⃣ Emphasis on completion before the past

She had decided to change her life before moving.

Contractions

Positive Negative
I’d worked I hadn’t worked
You’d worked You hadn’t worked
We’d worked We hadn’t worked

Note:
The Past Perfect is often used with after, before, when, because, by the time.

💭 Proverb

He that travels far, knows much.

Exercises

Exercise 1Fill in with the Correct Form (Past Perfect)

Use had + past participle.

  1. She __ (build) the castle before 1100.
  2. They __ (visit) Cardiff before they went to London.
  3. We __ (not finish) the work by that time.
  4. He __ (see) Wales twice before moving there.
  5. The rain __ (stop) before we arrived.

Exercise 2Change to Negative Form

Rewrite the sentences in the negative form.

  1. She had finished the project. →
  2. They had found the key. →
  3. We had eaten breakfast. →
  4. I had read that story. →
  5. He had built a bridge. →

Exercise 3Make Questions

Turn these sentences into questions.

  1. They had left before ten o’clock. →
  2. She had designed the house. →
  3. You had visited Cardiff. →
  4. He had seen the castle. →
  5. We had studied English. →

Exercise 4True or False – Wales

Mark True (T) or False (F):

  1. Wales is the smallest country in Great Britain.
  2. The capital of Wales is Swansea.
  3. The Welsh language is national.
  4. Wales is surrounded on three sides by the sea.
  5. Cardiff Castle was built in the 18th century.

Exercise 5Vocabulary Practice

Translate these words into Lithuanian.

  1. peninsula
  2. impetuous
  3. poetic
  4. bay
  5. copper

Exercise 6Fill in 'before' or 'after'

Choose the correct word: before or after

  1. We had eaten lunch ___ the film started.
  2. They arrived ___ we had finished dinner.
  3. She had called him ___ he went home.
  4. The rain stopped ___ we left.
  5. He had never seen Wales ___ last summer.

Exercise 7Match the Columns

Match the verbs with their meanings.

Verb Meaning
to occupy A. užimti
to explore B. tyrinėti
to separate C. atskirti
to consist D. susidėti
to put up E. pastatyti (palapinę)

Exercise 8Fill in the Missing Words

Complete the sentences using had or hadn’t.

  1. They __ seen the castle before.
  2. We __ finished the meal by six.
  3. She __ read that poem before yesterday.
  4. He __ heard the Welsh song before the concert.
  5. I __ visited Wales before this trip.

Exercise 9Short Answers

Answer briefly.

  1. Had you studied English before?
  2. Had they visited Cardiff before the trip?
  3. Had she finished her project?
  4. Had we seen that castle?
  5. Had he gone to Wales?

Exercise 10Creative Writing

Write 5 sentences using Past Perfect about your past experiences.

Example:
I had never visited Wales before last summer.

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